As in other industrialized countries population structure has changed fundamentally during 20th century. The number and proportion of children and young people (persons aged below 19) has fallen in many regions, while the number and percentage of persons of retirement age (65 years and above) has increased strongly. Mostly, as a consequence of migration within Austria as well as from abroad, population of working age (20 to 64) has gained weight in urban areas in recent years. In contrast, many rural regions have experienced quite pronounced drops in the working age population.
On 1 January 2020, there were 1.721 million children and young adults (aged 0 to 19) living in Austria, equating to one fifth (19.3%) of the total population. Some 5.487 million inhabitants (61.6% of the total population) were of working age (between 20 and 64). Approximately 1.694 million inhabitants were aged 65 and above, corresponding to 19.0% of the total population.
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